Thaum lub sijhawm "14th Tsib-Xyoo Txoj Kev Npaj", raws li lub tebchaws txoj kev npaj "carbon peak thiab carbon neutral", kev lag luam photovoltaic yuav ua rau muaj kev loj hlob sai. Kev tshwm sim ntawm kev lag luam photovoltaic tau "tsim kev nplua nuj" rau tag nrho cov saw hlau kev lag luam. Hauv cov saw hlau ci ntsa iab no, iav photovoltaic yog qhov txuas tseem ceeb. Niaj hnub no, kev tawm tswv yim txog kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, qhov kev thov rau iav photovoltaic nce ntxiv txhua hnub, thiab muaj kev tsis sib npaug ntawm kev muab khoom thiab kev thov. Tib lub sijhawm, xuab zeb quartz qis-hlau thiab ultra-dawb, ib qho khoom siv tseem ceeb rau iav photovoltaic, kuj tau nce siab, thiab tus nqi tau nce siab thiab kev muab khoom tsis txaus. Cov kws tshaj lij kev lag luam kwv yees tias xuab zeb quartz qis-hlau yuav muaj kev nce ntxiv mus ntev ntau dua 15% rau ntau dua 10 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv cua muaj zog ntawm photovoltaic, kev tsim cov xuab zeb quartz qis-hlau tau nyiam ntau qhov kev saib xyuas.
1. Xuab zeb Quartz rau iav photovoltaic
Feem ntau, cov iav photovoltaic siv ua lub vaj huam sib luag encapsulation ntawm cov photovoltaic modules, thiab nws nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog ib puag ncig sab nraud. Nws cov huab cua tsis kam, lub zog, lub teeb transmittance thiab lwm yam cim ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm cov photovoltaic modules thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm lub zog tsim hluav taws xob. Cov hlau ions hauv cov xuab zeb quartz yooj yim rau zas xim, thiab txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias lub hnub ci transmittance siab ntawm cov iav thawj, cov hlau ntsiab lus ntawm cov iav photovoltaic qis dua li ntawm cov iav ib txwm muaj, thiab cov hlau tsawg quartz xuab zeb nrog cov silicon purity siab thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis huv qis yuav tsum tau siv.
Tam sim no, muaj ob peb lub xuab zeb quartz zoo uas yooj yim rau kev khawb hauv peb lub tebchaws, thiab lawv feem ntau faib rau hauv Heyuan, Guangxi, Fengyang, Anhui, Hainan thiab lwm qhov chaw. Yav tom ntej, nrog kev loj hlob ntawm lub peev xwm tsim khoom ntawm ultra-dawb embossed iav rau lub hnub ci cell, cov xuab zeb quartz zoo nrog thaj chaw tsim khoom tsawg yuav dhau los ua cov khoom siv tsawg. Kev muab cov xuab zeb quartz zoo thiab ruaj khov yuav txwv kev sib tw ntawm cov tuam txhab iav photovoltaic yav tom ntej. Yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas kom txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm hlau, txhuas, titanium thiab lwm yam khoom tsis huv hauv xuab zeb quartz thiab npaj cov xuab zeb quartz huv si yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb kub.
2. Kev tsim cov xuab zeb quartz uas tsis muaj hlau ntau rau cov iav photovoltaic
2.1 Kev ntxuav cov xuab zeb Quartz rau cov iav Photovoltaic
Tam sim no, cov txheej txheem ntxuav quartz ib txwm muaj uas tau siv rau hauv kev lag luam suav nrog kev cais, txhuam, calcination-dej quenching, sib tsoo, sieving, sib cais sib nqus, sib cais lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, flotation, acid leaching, microbial leaching, kub siab degassing, thiab lwm yam, cov txheej txheem ntxuav tob suav nrog chlorinated roasting, irradiated xim sorting, superconducting magnetic sorting, kub siab nqus tsev thiab lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem dav dav ntawm kev ntxuav xuab zeb quartz hauv tsev kuj tau tsim los ntawm "kev sib tsoo, sib cais sib nqus, ntxuav" thaum ntxov mus rau "kev sib cais → kev sib tsoo ntxhib → calcination → dej quenching → sib tsoo → kev tshuaj ntsuam → kev sib cais sib nqus → flotation → acid Cov txheej txheem ua ke ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev immersion → ntxuav → ziab, ua ke nrog microwave, ultrasonic thiab lwm yam txhais tau tias rau kev kho ua ntej lossis kev ntxuav pab, zoo heev txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntxuav. Vim tias qhov xav tau hlau tsawg ntawm cov iav photovoltaic, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem tshem tawm xuab zeb quartz feem ntau yog qhia.
Feem ntau hlau muaj nyob rau hauv rau hom ntawv hauv qab no hauv cov pob zeb quartz:
① Muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom me me hauv av nplaum lossis kaolinized feldspar
② Txuas rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv quartz hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hlau oxide zaj duab xis
③Cov zaub mov hlau xws li hematite, magnetite, specularite, qinite, thiab lwm yam lossis cov zaub mov uas muaj hlau xws li mica, amphibole, garnet, thiab lwm yam.
④Nws nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm immersion lossis lens hauv cov khoom quartz
⑤ Muaj nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm cov khoom khov kho hauv cov quartz siv lead ua
⑥ Ib qho hlau theem nrab yuav raug sib xyaw rau hauv cov txheej txheem crushing thiab sib tsoo
Yuav kom cais cov hlau uas muaj cov zaub mov ntawm quartz tau zoo, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xub paub meej tias qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov hlau tsis huv hauv cov quartz ore tshwm sim li cas thiab xaiv txoj kev zoo thiab cov txheej txheem sib cais kom ua tiav kev tshem tawm cov hlau tsis huv.
(1) Cov txheej txheem sib cais sib nqus
Cov txheej txheem sib cais sib nqus tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov khoom tsis muaj zog sib nqus xws li hematite, limonite thiab biotite suav nrog cov khoom sib txuas rau qhov loj tshaj plaws. Raws li lub zog sib nqus, kev sib cais sib nqus tuaj yeem faib ua kev sib cais sib nqus muaj zog thiab kev sib cais sib nqus tsis muaj zog. Kev sib cais sib nqus muaj zog feem ntau siv cov sib cais sib nqus ntub dej muaj zog lossis cov sib cais sib nqus siab gradient.
Feem ntau hais lus, cov xuab zeb quartz uas muaj cov khoom siv tsis muaj zog xws li limonite, hematite, biotite, thiab lwm yam, tuaj yeem xaiv tau siv lub tshuab sib nqus muaj zog ntub dej ntawm tus nqi siab dua 8.0 × 105A / m; Rau cov khoom siv sib nqus muaj zog uas muaj hlau ore, nws zoo dua los siv lub tshuab sib nqus tsis muaj zog lossis lub tshuab sib nqus nruab nrab rau kev sib cais. [2] Niaj hnub no, nrog rau kev siv cov tshuab sib cais sib nqus siab thiab muaj zog, kev sib cais sib nqus thiab kev ntxuav tau zoo dua piv rau yav dhau los. Piv txwv li, siv lub tshuab sib cais sib nqus electromagnetic induction roller hom muaj zog los tshem tawm hlau hauv qab 2.2T lub zog sib nqus tuaj yeem txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm Fe2O3 los ntawm 0.002% txog 0.0002%.
(2) Cov txheej txheem ntab dej
Kev ua kom cov pob zeb sib xyaw ua ke yog ib txoj kev sib cais cov khoom me me los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom me me. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tshem tawm cov pob zeb mica thiab feldspar uas cuam tshuam los ntawm cov xuab zeb quartz. Rau kev sib cais cov pob zeb uas muaj hlau thiab quartz, nrhiav seb cov hlau tsis huv thiab cov khoom faib tawm ntawm txhua qhov loj me yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv cov txheej txheem sib cais kom raug rau kev tshem tawm hlau. Feem ntau cov pob zeb uas muaj hlau muaj qhov chaw hluav taws xob xoom saum 5, uas yog them zoo hauv ib puag ncig acidic, thiab raws li kev xav tau rau kev siv cov khoom sau anionic.
Cov roj fatty acid (xab npum), hydrocarbyl sulfonate lossis sulfate siv tau ua cov anionic collector rau kev flotation ntawm cov hlau oxide ore. Pyrite tuaj yeem flotation ntawm pyrite los ntawm quartz hauv ib puag ncig pickling nrog tus neeg sawv cev flotation classic rau isobutyl xanthate ntxiv rau butylamine dub hmoov (4:1). Qhov koob tshuaj yog li 200ppmw.
Feem ntau, kev siv sodium oleate (0.21mol/L) ua tus neeg sawv cev rau kev sib xyaw ua ke los kho qhov pH rau 4 ~ 10. Muaj kev tshuaj lom neeg tshwm sim ntawm cov oleate ions thiab cov hlau me me ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ilmenite los tsim cov hlau oleate, uas yog cov tshuaj lom neeg adsorbed. Oleate ions khaws ilmenite nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo dua. Cov hydrocarbon-based phosphonic acid collectors tsim nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no muaj kev xaiv zoo thiab kev ua tau zoo rau ilmenite.
(3) Cov txheej txheem leaching acid
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem kua qaub yog tshem tawm cov hlau uas yaj tau hauv cov kua qaub. Cov yam ntxwv uas cuam tshuam rau qhov kev ntxuav ntawm cov kua qaub suav nrog qhov loj me ntawm cov xuab zeb quartz, qhov kub, lub sijhawm, hom kua qaub, qhov concentration ntawm kua qaub, qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom khov thiab kua, thiab lwm yam, thiab ua rau qhov kub thiab cov kua qaub nce ntxiv. Kev sib sau ua ke thiab txo qhov vojvoog ntawm cov khoom quartz tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj qhov leaching thiab qhov leaching ntawm Al ntau ntxiv. Qhov kev ntxuav ntawm ib qho kua qaub tsuas yog txwv, thiab cov kua qaub sib xyaw muaj qhov cuam tshuam synergistic, uas tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj qhov tshem tawm ntawm cov khoom tsis huv xws li Fe thiab K ntau ntxiv. Cov kua qaub inorganic feem ntau yog HF, H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, H3PO4, HClO4, H2C2O4, feem ntau ob lossis ntau dua ntawm lawv tau sib xyaw thiab siv rau hauv qee qhov sib piv.
Oxalic acid yog ib hom organic acid uas siv ntau rau kev ntxuav cov kua qaub. Nws tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ruaj khov nrog cov hlau ions uas yaj, thiab cov khoom tsis huv yooj yim ntxuav tawm. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev siv tshuaj tsawg thiab kev tshem tawm hlau siab. Qee tus neeg siv ultrasound los pab ntxuav cov oxalic acid, thiab pom tias piv rau kev sib xyaw thiab lub tank ultrasound, probe ultrasound muaj qhov tshem tawm Fe siab tshaj plaws, qhov ntau ntawm oxalic acid tsawg dua 4g / L, thiab qhov tshem tawm hlau ncav cuag 75.4%.
Qhov muaj cov kua qaub dilute thiab hydrofluoric acid tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov hlau tsis huv xws li Fe, Al, Mg, tab sis yuav tsum tswj cov kua qaub hydrofluoric vim tias hydrofluoric acid tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom quartz puas. Kev siv ntau hom kua qaub kuj cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem ntxuav. Ntawm lawv, cov kua qaub sib xyaw ntawm HCl thiab HF muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. Qee tus neeg siv HCl thiab HF sib xyaw leaching tus neeg sawv cev los ntxuav cov xuab zeb quartz tom qab sib cais sib nqus. Los ntawm kev siv tshuaj leaching, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tsis huv yog 40.71μg / g, thiab qhov huv ntawm SiO2 yog siab txog 99.993wt%.
(4) Kev tshem tawm cov kab mob me me
Cov kab mob me me siv los ntxuav cov hlau nyias nyias lossis muab hlau rau saum npoo ntawm cov xuab zeb quartz, uas yog ib txoj kev tsim tshiab rau kev tshem tawm hlau. Kev tshawb fawb txawv teb chaws tau qhia tias kev siv Aspergillus niger, Penicillium, Pseudomonas, Polymyxin Bacillus thiab lwm yam kab mob me me los ntxuav cov hlau rau saum npoo ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab quartz tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo, uas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Aspergillus niger ntxuav cov hlau zoo tshaj plaws. Tus nqi tshem tawm ntawm Fe2O3 feem ntau yog siab dua 75%, thiab qib ntawm Fe2O3 concentrate yog qis li 0.007%. Thiab nws tau pom tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntxuav cov hlau nrog kev cog qoob loo ntawm feem ntau cov kab mob thiab pwm ua ntej yuav zoo dua.
2.2 Lwm yam kev tshawb fawb txog kev nce qib ntawm cov xuab zeb quartz rau cov iav photovoltaic
Yuav kom txo tau cov kua qaub, txo qhov nyuaj ntawm kev kho dej phwj, thiab ua kom ib puag ncig zoo, Peng Shou [5] et al. tau tshaj tawm ib txoj kev rau kev npaj 10ppm cov xuab zeb quartz qis-hlau los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis-pickling: cov leeg quartz ntuj yog siv ua cov khoom siv raw, thiab peb-theem crushing, Thawj theem sib tsoo thiab theem thib ob kev faib tawm tuaj yeem tau txais 0.1 ~ 0.7 hli grit; cov grit yog sib cais los ntawm thawj theem ntawm kev sib cais sib nqus thiab theem thib ob ntawm kev tshem tawm cov hlau thiab cov hlau-muaj zog kom tau txais cov xuab zeb sib cais sib nqus; kev sib cais sib nqus ntawm cov xuab zeb yog tau txais los ntawm theem thib ob flotation Fe2O3 cov ntsiab lus qis dua 10ppm cov xuab zeb quartz qis-hlau, flotation siv H2SO4 ua tus tswj, kho pH = 2 ~ 3, siv sodium oleate thiab txiv maj phaub roj-raws li propylene diamine ua cov neeg sau. Cov xuab zeb quartz npaj SiO2≥99.9%, Fe2O3≤10ppm, ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov khoom siv siliceous raw xav tau rau iav kho qhov muag, iav zaub photoelectric, thiab iav quartz.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, nrog rau kev poob qis ntawm cov peev txheej zoo quartz, kev siv cov peev txheej qis kawg tau nyiam kev saib xyuas dav dav. Xie Enjun ntawm Tuam Tshoj Cov Khoom Siv Tsev Bengbu Iav Kev Lag Luam Tsim thiab Tshawb Fawb Lub Koom Haum Co., Ltd. siv cov kaolin tailings los npaj cov xuab zeb quartz qis-hlau rau photovoltaic iav. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm Fujian kaolin tailings yog quartz, uas muaj cov khoom me me ntawm cov zaub mov tsis huv xws li kaolinite, mica, thiab feldspar. Tom qab cov kaolin tailings raug ua tiav los ntawm cov txheej txheem beneficiation ntawm "grinding-hydraulic classification-magnetic separation-flotation", cov ntsiab lus ntawm 0.6 ~ 0.125mm qhov loj me yog ntau dua 95%, SiO2 yog 99.62%, Al2O3 yog 0.065%, Fe2O3 yog 92 × 10-6 xuab zeb quartz zoo ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov xuab zeb quartz qis-hlau rau photovoltaic iav.
Shao Weihua thiab lwm tus los ntawm Zhengzhou Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Siv Cov Khoom Siv Mineral, Suav Academy of Geological Sciences, tau tshaj tawm daim ntawv pov thawj tsim khoom: ib txoj kev rau kev npaj cov xuab zeb quartz siab-purity los ntawm kaolin tailings. Cov kauj ruam ntawm txoj kev: a. Kaolin tailings yog siv ua cov hlau nyoos, uas yog sieved tom qab raug do thiab txhuam kom tau txais cov khoom +0.6mm; b. +0.6mm khoom yog av thiab cais, thiab 0.4mm0.1mm cov khoom siv minerals yog raug rau kev sib cais magnetic, Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov khoom siv magnetic thiab tsis yog magnetic, cov khoom siv tsis yog magnetic nkag mus rau hauv kev sib cais gravity kom tau txais cov minerals sib cais gravity thiab cov minerals sib cais gravity hnyav, thiab cov minerals sib cais gravity nkag mus rau hauv kev ua haujlwm regrind kom tau txais cov minerals +0.1mm; c.+0.1mm Cov minerals nkag mus rau hauv kev ua haujlwm flotation kom tau txais cov flotation concentrate. Cov dej sab saud ntawm cov flotation concentrate raug tshem tawm thiab tom qab ntawd ultrasonically pickled, thiab tom qab ntawd sieved kom tau txais cov khoom siv +0.1mm coarse ua cov xuab zeb quartz siab-purity. Txoj kev tsim kho tshiab no tsis yog tsuas yog tau txais cov khoom zoo quartz concentrate xwb, tab sis kuj muaj lub sijhawm ua haujlwm luv luv, cov txheej txheem yooj yim, kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov quartz concentrate tau txais, uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau zoo ntawm cov quartz purity siab.
Cov kaolin tailings muaj ntau cov khoom siv quartz. Los ntawm kev ua kom zoo, kev ntxuav thiab kev ua tiav tob, nws tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom siv iav photovoltaic ultra-dawb. Qhov no kuj muab lub tswv yim tshiab rau kev siv cov khoom siv kaolin tailings kom dav.
3. Kev txheeb xyuas kev lag luam ntawm cov xuab zeb quartz uas tsis muaj hlau ntau rau cov iav photovoltaic
Ntawm ib sab tes, nyob rau hauv ib nrab xyoo 2020, lub peev xwm tsim khoom uas tsis muaj kev nthuav dav tsis tuaj yeem daws tau qhov kev thov loj heev nyob rau hauv kev vam meej siab. Kev muab thiab kev thov ntawm cov iav photovoltaic tsis sib npaug, thiab tus nqi nce siab. Raws li kev hu ua ke ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab photovoltaic module, thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2020, Ministry of Industry thiab Information Technology tau tshaj tawm daim ntawv qhia meej tias qhov project photovoltaic dov iav yuav tsis tsim cov phiaj xwm hloov pauv peev xwm. Cuam tshuam los ntawm txoj cai tshiab, qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev tsim cov iav photovoltaic yuav raug nthuav dav los ntawm 2021. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv pej xeem, lub peev xwm ntawm cov iav photovoltaic dov nrog lub phiaj xwm meej rau kev tsim khoom hauv 21/22 yuav ncav cuag 22250/26590t / d, nrog rau kev loj hlob txhua xyoo ntawm 68.4 / 48.6%. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txoj cai thiab kev thov-sab lav, cov xuab zeb photovoltaic xav tias yuav coj mus rau hauv kev loj hlob tawg.
Xyoo 2015-2022 lub peev xwm tsim khoom ntawm kev lag luam iav photovoltaic
Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov kev nce ntxiv ntawm lub peev xwm tsim khoom ntawm cov iav photovoltaic yuav ua rau cov khoom siv ntawm cov xuab zeb silica uas tsis muaj hlau ntau dhau qhov kev muab, uas ua rau txwv tsis pub muaj peev xwm tsim cov iav photovoltaic. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais, txij li xyoo 2014, kuv lub teb chaws cov xuab zeb quartz hauv tsev feem ntau qis dua qhov kev thov hauv tsev, thiab kev muab khoom thiab kev thov tau tswj hwm qhov sib npaug zoo.
Tib lub sijhawm, kuv lub teb chaws cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas tsis muaj hlau quartz placer tsis tshua muaj, muaj ntau nyob hauv Heyuan ntawm Guangdong, Beihai ntawm Guangxi, Fengyang ntawm Anhui thiab Donghai ntawm Jiangsu, thiab ntau ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau xa tuaj.
Cov xuab zeb quartz dawb ultra-hlau tsawg yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv raw tseem ceeb (suav txog li 25% ntawm cov nqi khoom siv raw) nyob rau xyoo tas los no. Tus nqi kuj tau nce siab. Yav dhau los, nws tau nyob ib puag ncig 200 yuan / ton ntev heev. Tom qab muaj kev sib kis ntawm Q1 hauv 20 xyoo, nws tau poob qis los ntawm qib siab, thiab tam sim no nws tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov rau lub sijhawm tam sim no.
Xyoo 2020, kuv lub teb chaws qhov kev thov tag nrho rau cov xuab zeb quartz yuav yog 90.93 lab tons, qhov tso zis yuav yog 87.65 lab tons, thiab qhov xa tawm tag nrho yuav yog 3.278 lab tons. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv pej xeem, qhov ntau ntawm cov pob zeb quartz hauv 100kg ntawm cov iav molten yog li 72.2kg. Raws li txoj kev npaj nthuav dav tam sim no, qhov kev nce peev xwm ntawm cov iav photovoltaic hauv xyoo 2021/2022 yuav ncav cuag 3.23 / 24500t / d, raws li kev tsim khoom txhua xyoo Xam dhau 360-hnub lub sijhawm, tag nrho cov khoom tsim tawm yuav sib raug rau qhov kev thov tshiab rau cov xuab zeb silica qis-hlau ntawm 836/635 lab tons / xyoo, uas yog, qhov kev thov tshiab rau cov xuab zeb silica qis-hlau coj los ntawm cov iav photovoltaic hauv xyoo 2021/2022 yuav suav rau tag nrho cov xuab zeb quartz hauv xyoo 2020 9.2% / 7.0% ntawm qhov kev thov. Xav txog tias cov xuab zeb silica uas tsis muaj hlau ntau tsuas yog suav ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov kev xav tau xuab zeb silica xwb, qhov kev muab khoom thiab kev thov siab ntawm cov xuab zeb silica uas tsis muaj hlau ntau los ntawm kev nqis peev loj ntawm lub peev xwm tsim iav photovoltaic yuav siab dua li qhov kev nyuaj siab rau kev lag luam xuab zeb quartz tag nrho.
—Tsab xov xwm los ntawm Powder Network
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Ob Hlis-11-2021