Silicon thiab oxygen yog ob lub ntsiab lus dav tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb.Sib nrug los ntawm kev tsim SiO2, lawv kuj ua ke los tsim cov khoom siv silicate ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb.Muaj ntau dua 800 paub cov zaub mov silicate, suav txog kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm txhua hom pob zeb paub.Ua ke, lawv tsim txog li 85% ntawm lub ntiaj teb crust thiab lithosphere los ntawm qhov hnyav.Cov zaub mov no tsis yog tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob zeb uas tsis muaj zog, sedimentary, thiab cov pob zeb metamorphic tab sis kuj yog qhov chaw rau ntau cov hlau tsis muaj hlau thiab cov hlau tsis tshua muaj.Piv txwv xws li quartz, feldspar, kaolinite, illite, bentonite, talc, mica, asbestos, wollastonite, pyroxene, amphibole, kyanite, garnet, zircon, diatomite, serpentine, peridotite, andalusite, biotite, thiab muscovite.
1. Feldspar
◆Physical Properties: Feldspar yog ib qho khoom siv dav dav hauv ntiaj teb.Potassium-nplua nuj feldspar yog hu ua potassium feldspar.Orthoclase, microcline, thiab albite yog cov piv txwv ntawm potassium feldspar minerals.Feldspar pom zoo tshuaj stability thiab tiv taus acids, feem ntau nyuaj rau decompose.Hardness ntawm 5.5 mus rau 6.5, qhov ceev ntawm 2.55 txog 2.75, thiab melting point ntawm 1185 txog 1490°C. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim nrog quartz, muscovite, biotite, sillimanite, garnet, thiab me me ntawm magnetite, ilmenite, thiab tantalite.
◆Kev siv: Siv rau hauv iav melting, ceramic raw cov ntaub ntawv, ceramic glazes, enamel raw cov ntaub ntawv, poov tshuaj chiv, thiab raws li zoo nkauj pob zeb thiab semi-precious gems.
◆Txoj kev xaiv: Kev xaiv tes, sib nqus sib nqus, flotation.
◆Chiv Keeb thiab tshwm sim: Pom nyob rau hauv gneisses los yog gneissic metamorphic pob zeb;Qee cov hlab ntsha tshwm sim hauv granite lossis mafic pob zeb lub cev lossis lawv thaj chaw sib cuag.Feem ntau yog concentrated nyob rau hauv pegmatitic feldspar massifs los yog txawv ib leeg feldspar pegmatites.
2. Kaolinite
◆Lub cev muaj zog: Ntshiab kaolinite yog dawb tab sis feem ntau xim lub teeb liab, daj, xiav, ntsuab, los yog grey vim impurities.Nws muaj qhov ntom ntom ntawm 2.61 txog 2.68 thiab hardness li ntawm 2 txog 3. Kaolinite yog siv los tsim cov khoom siv niaj hnub thiab kev lag luam ceramics, cov ntaub ntawv refractory, papermaking, kev tsim kho, coatings, roj hmab, plastics, textiles, thiab raws li ib tug muab tub lim los yog xim dawb.
◆Siv: Siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv niaj hnub thiab kev lag luam ceramics, cov ntaub ntawv refractory, papermaking, kev tsim kho, txheej, roj hmab, plastics, textiles, thiab raws li ib tug muab tub lim los yog xim dawb.
◆Kev xaiv txoj kev: Qhuav thiab ntub sib nqus sib nqus, sib cais lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, calcination, tshuaj bleaching.
◆Chivkeeb thiab tshwm sim: Feem ntau tsim los ntawm silica-alumina-nplua nuj igneous thiab metamorphic pob zeb, hloov los ntawm huab cua los yog low-temperature hydrothermal hloov.
3. Mica
◆Lub cev muaj zog: Mica feem ntau yog xim dawb, nrog cov xim daj, lub teeb ntsuab, lossis lub teeb grey.Nws muaj lub ntsej muag ci ntsa iab, zoo li hlaws rau ntawm qhov chaw cleavage, thiab saj zawg zog tab sis tsis-elastic nyias cov ntawv.Hardness ntawm 1 mus rau 2 thiab ceev los ntawm 2.65 txog 2.90.Mica pom siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv refractory, ceramics, hluav taws xob porcelain, crucibles, fiberglass, roj hmab, papermaking, pigments, pharmaceuticals, tshuaj pleev ib ce, yas, thiab raws li ib tug auxiliary khoom rau zoo kos duab carving.
◆Siv: Siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv refractory, ceramics, hluav taws xob porcelain, crucibles, fiberglass, roj hmab, papermaking, pigments, pharmaceuticals, tshuaj pleev ib ce, yas, thiab raws li ib tug auxiliary khoom rau zoo kos duab carving.
◆Txoj kev xaiv: Kev xaiv tes, electrostatic sib cais, sib nqus sib nqus.
◆Chiv Keeb thiab tshwm sim: Feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm hydrothermal alteration ntawm intermediate acidic volcanic pob zeb thiab tuffs, kuj pom nyob rau hauv txhuas-nplua nuj crystalline schists thiab ib co low-temperature hydrothermal quartz leeg.
4. Talc
◆Lub cev muaj zog: Ntshiab talc tsis muaj xim tab sis feem ntau tshwm daj, ntsuab, xim av, los yog liab dawb vim impurities.Nws muaj ib tug glazed luster thiab ib tug hardness ntawm 1 ntawm lub Mohs nplai.Talc yog dav siv los ua ib qho muab tub lim hauv papermaking thiab roj hmab kev lag luam thiab ua tus neeg sawv cev dawb hauv kev lag luam textile.Nws kuj muaj cov ntawv thov hauv ceramics, xim, coatings, plastics, thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce.
◆Kev Siv: Siv los ua cov khoom ntim hauv papermaking thiab roj hmab kev lag luam, ua cov tshuaj pleev xim rau hauv kev lag luam textile, thiab hauv ceramics, xim, coatings, plastics, thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce.
◆Txoj Kev Xaiv: Kev xaiv tes, kev sib cais electrostatic, sib nqus sib nqus, kho qhov muag, flotation, txhuam.
◆Chiv Keeb thiab tshwm sim: Feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm hydrothermal alteration thiab metamorphism, feem ntau txuam nrog magnesite, serpentine, dolomite, thiab talc schist.
5. Muscovite
◆Lub cev muaj zog: Muscovite yog ib hom mica ntxhia, feem ntau tshwm hauv dawb, grey, daj, ntsuab, lossis xim av.Nws muaj lub ntsej muag ci ntsa iab nrog hlaws zoo li ntawm qhov chaw cleavage.Muscovite yog siv rau cov tua hluav taws, vuam qws, yas, hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, papermaking, asphalt ntawv, roj hmab, pearl pigments, plastics, xim, thiab roj hmab ua hauj lwm muab tub lim.
◆Kev Siv: Siv los ua cov tshuaj tua hluav taws, vuam pas nrig, yas, hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, papermaking, asphalt ntawv, roj hmab, pearl pigments, yas, xim, thiab roj hmab ua cov khoom ua haujlwm.
◆Kev xaiv txoj kev: Flotation, cua xaiv, xaiv tes, tev, xaiv kev sib txhuam, kev sib tsoo zoo, kev sib tsoo ultrafine, kev hloov kho saum npoo.
◆Chivkeeb thiab tshwm sim: Feem ntau cov khoom ntawm magmatic kev txiav txim thiab pegmatitic nkaus, feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv granite pegmatites thiab mica schists, feem ntau txuam nrog quartz, feldspar, thiab tsis tshua muaj radioactive minerals.
Txuas ntxiv kev txhais lus:
6. Sodalite
Sodalite yog ib qho siv lead ua triclinic, feem ntau flattened cylindrical crystals nrog rau kab txaij nyob rau ntawm lub ntsej muag siv lead ua.Nws muaj lub vitreous luster, thiab cov pob txha ua rau pom ib lub iav rau pearly luster.Xim muaj xws li los ntawm lub teeb mus rau tsaus xiav, ntsuab, daj, grey, xim av, tsis muaj xim, los yog ci greyish-dawb.Hardness ranges ntawm 5.5 mus rau 7.0, nrog rau ib qho kev nqus ntawm 3.53 txog 3.65.Cov zaub mov tseem ceeb yog sodalite thiab me me ntawm silica, nrog rau cov khoom siv xws li quartz, dub mica, kub mica, thiab chlorite.
Sodalite yog cov khoom lag luam metamorphism hauv cheeb tsam pom hauv crystalline schists thiab gneisses.Cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam thoob ntiaj teb suav nrog Switzerland, Austria, thiab lwm lub tebchaws.Thaum tshav kub kub rau 1300°C, sodalite hloov mus rau hauv mullite, qib high-qib refractory khoom siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov txim plugs, roj nozzles, thiab lwm yam high-temperature refractory ceramic khoom.Aluminium kuj tuaj yeem muab rho tawm.Pob tshab crystals ntawm cov xim zoo nkauj tuaj yeem siv los ua gemstones, nrog rau qhov sib sib zog nqus xiav yog qhov nyiam tshaj plaws.North Carolina hauv Tebchaws Meskas tsim cov pob zeb xiav thiab ntsuab-zoo sodalite.
7.Garnet
◆Lub cev muaj zog
Feem ntau xim av, daj, liab, ntsuab, thiab lwm yam .;pob tshab rau translucent;vitreous luster, tawg nrog resinous luster;tsis muaj cleavage;hardness 5.6 ~ 7.5;ceev 3.5 ~ 4.2.
◆Daim ntawv thov
Garnet lub siab hardness ua rau nws haum rau cov ntaub ntawv abrasive;Crystals loj nrog cov xim zoo nkauj thiab pob tshab tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv pob zeb diamond.
◆Txoj kev sib cais
Tes sorting, sib nqus sib cais.
◆Chiv Keeb thiab tshwm sim
Garnet yog dav faib nyob rau hauv ntau yam geological txheej txheem, tsim ntau hom garnet vim txawv geological txheej txheem;calcium-aluminium garnet series yog tsim nyob rau hauv hydrothermal, alkaline pob zeb, thiab ib co pegmatites;magnesium-aluminium garnet series yog tsim nyob rau hauv igneous pob zeb thiab lub regional metamorphic pob zeb, gneisses, thiab volcanic pob zeb.
8.Biotite
◆Lub cev muaj zog
Biotite feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb metamorphic thiab qee cov pob zeb xws li granite.Cov xim ntawm biotite muaj xws li dub mus rau xim av, liab, los yog ntsuab.Nws muaj ib tug vitreous luster, elastic crystals, hardness tsawg tshaj li tus ntsia thawv, yooj yim rau rhuav mus rau hauv fragments, thiab yog phaj-puab los yog columnar.
◆Daim ntawv thov
Feem ntau siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv, papermaking, asphalt ntawv, plastics, roj hmab, hluav taws tua hluav taws, vuam pas nrig, hniav nyiaj hniav kub, pearl pigments, thiab lwm yam kev lag luam tshuaj.Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, biotite kuj tau siv dav hauv cov xim zoo nkauj xws li cov xim pob zeb tiag.
◆Txoj kev sib cais
Flotation, cua xaiv, xaiv tes, tev, xaiv kev sib txhuam, kev sib tsoo zoo, kev sib tsoo ultrafine, kev hloov kho deg.
9.Muscovite
◆Lub cev muaj zog
Muscovite yog ib hom mica ntxhia hauv cov dawb mica pawg, silicate ntawm txhuas, hlau, thiab poov tshuaj.Muscovite muaj xim tsaus nti muscovite (ntau ntxoov xim av los yog ntsuab, thiab lwm yam) thiab lub teeb-xim muscovite (ntau ntxoov ntawm lub teeb daj).Lub teeb-xim muscovite yog pob tshab thiab muaj vitreous luster;tsaus-xim muscovite yog semi-pob tshab.Vitreous rau submetallic luster, cleavage nto nrog pearly luster.Cov ntawv nyias nyias yog elastic, hardness 2 ~ 3, tshwj xeeb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus 2.70 ~ 2.85, tsis-conductive.
◆Daim ntawv thov
Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam, hluav taws kub kev lag luam, hluav taws tua cov neeg ua hauj, vuam rods, yas, hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, papermaking, asphalt ntawv, roj hmab, pearl pigments, thiab lwm yam tshuaj industries.Ultrafine mica hmoov yog siv los ua cov khoom siv ua haujlwm rau cov yas, txheej, xim, roj hmab, thiab lwm yam, txhawm rau txhim kho lub zog, txhim kho toughness, adhesion, anti-aging, thiab corrosion kuj.
Industrially, nws yog tsuas yog siv rau nws cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab tshav kub tsis kam, nrog rau nws tsis kam mus rau acids, alkalis, compression, thiab tev lub zog, siv raws li rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob;Secondarily siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov chav boilers, smelting rauv cub tawg qhov rais, thiab mechanical qhov chaw.
◆Txoj kev sib cais
Flotation, cua xaiv, xaiv tes, tev, xaiv kev sib txhuam, kev sib tsoo zoo, kev sib tsoo ultrafine, kev hloov kho deg.
10.Olivine
◆Lub cev muaj zog
Txiv ntseej ntsuab, daj-ntsuab, lub teeb grey-ntsuab, ntsuab-dub.Vitreous luster, ntau lub plhaub zoo li pob txha;hardness 6.5 ~ 7.0, ceev 3.27 ~ 4.37.
◆Daim ntawv thov
Siv los ua raw khoom rau magnesium compounds thiab phosphates, siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov calcium-magnesium phosphate chiv;magnesium-nplua nuj olivine tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv refractory;pob tshab, coarse-grained olivine tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv pob zeb diamond.
◆Txoj kev sib cais
Rov xaiv dua, sib nqus sib nqus.
◆Chiv Keeb thiab tshwm sim
Feem ntau tsim los ntawm kev ua magmatic, tshwm sim hauv pob zeb ultrabasic thiab yooj yim, cuam tshuam nrog pyroxene, amphibole, magnetite, platinum pawg minerals, thiab lwm yam.
Post lub sij hawm: Lub Xya hli ntuj-31-2024